Connected & Autonomous Driving
V2X, SAE automation levels, occupancy grids, behavior planning, and HD maps connected to perception and control.
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Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
Behavior Planning Primer: How FSMs, Behavior Trees, and POMDPs Choose What an Automated Vehicle Does Next
Behavior planning turns uncertain perception into stop, follow, yield, merge, and lane-change decisions, then constrains path planning and MPC. This primer connects FSMs, behavior trees, POMDPs, current ADAS, safety, and testing.
Fundamentals · 11 min
Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
Behavior Planning Primer: How FSMs, Behavior Trees, and POMDPs Choose What an Automated Vehicle Does Next
Behavior planning turns uncertain perception into stop, follow, yield, merge, and lane-change decisions, then constrains path planning and MPC. This primer connects FSMs, behavior trees, POMDPs, current ADAS, safety, and testing.
Fundamentals · 11 min
Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
Occupancy Grid Mapping — Turning LiDAR and Camera Evidence into Traversability
An occupancy grid divides space into cells and represents occupied, free, and unknown space probabilistically. Learn Bayesian and log-odds updates, inverse sensor models, ray casting, dynamic decay, 3D voxels, SLAM, costmaps, and planning.
Fundamentals · 8 min
Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
SAE Driving Automation Levels 0–5 — The Responsibility Boundary Behind ADAS
SAE J3016 is not a score of vehicle intelligence. Learn who performs the dynamic driving task, monitoring, and fallback at Levels 0–5, with ODD, takeover latency, current ADAS, SOTIF, security, and safety evaluation.
Fundamentals · 9 min
Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
V2X Primer — Connecting Vehicles, Roads, Networks, and People Safely
What do V2V, V2I, V2N, and V2P exchange, and how do DSRC/ITS-G5 and C-V2X differ? This primer connects latency, delivery reliability, cooperative perception, PKI, location privacy, fail-safe design, and reproducible testing.
Fundamentals · 7 min
Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
HD Maps — Lane-Level Maps for Autonomous Driving
An HD map represents lanes, boundaries, signs, elevation, and connectivity as machine-readable data. This guide explains how it differs from a SLAM map, how localization works, and why freshness and uncertainty matter.
Fundamentals · 5 min
Connected & Autonomous Driving
September 3, 2026
Occupancy Grid Mapping — Turning LiDAR and Camera Evidence into Traversability
An occupancy grid divides space into cells and represents occupied, free, and unknown space probabilistically. Learn Bayesian and log-odds updates, inverse sensor models, ray casting, dynamic decay, 3D voxels, SLAM, costmaps, and planning.
Fundamentals · 8 min