#hybrid

Powertrain & Mechanical Engineering September 4, 2026

Hybrid Systems — Power Split, Regeneration, and Control

A hybrid coordinates an engine and electric motor through series, parallel, or power-split paths. Using Toyota THS planetary gearing as an example, this guide explains SOC management, regeneration, thermal limits, and control with equations and diagrams.

Fundamentals · 4 min Powertrain & Mechanical Engineering September 3, 2026

Gasoline Engines — Spark Ignition, Efficiency, and Electrification

A practical introduction to four-stroke gasoline engines: Otto-cycle thermodynamics, torque and fuel economy, emissions control, current products, and electrification.

Fundamentals · 3 min