Powertrain & Mechanical Engineering
Braking Systems Primer — Disc, Drum, Regeneration, and Brake-by-Wire
Braking is the job of turning kinetic energy into heat or electricity to stop a car. This article covers disc and drum friction and heat dissipation, hydraulic circuits and ABS/ESC, regenerative blending in EVs and HVs, and the state of brake-by-wire, with math and diagrams.